Pros and Cons of Tracking in Our Education System

Tracking in education system refers to a concept of grouping learners according to their academic abilities (Education Week, 2004). In tracking system, learners are grouped and categorized into different classes according to their intellectual abilities (Education Week, 2004).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Pros and Cons of Tracking in Our Education System specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This means that a certain class will only have learners who have same abilities. In this paper, we will assess the advantages and disadvantages of the tracking system in education as we try to investigate whether the system encourages or discourages racism in the US. The tracking system has both strengths and weakness. Scholars argue that one of the advantages of the system is that it allows instructors to determine teaching methods and the teaching pace. For talented students, the system favors them in that the teacher is able to meet their needs based on their abilities (Education Week, 2004). For learners with equal abilities, the teacher can efficiently apply certain teaching methods at a certain pace. The system can be reliable for students with special needs since they need certain pace and certain teaching method. Secondly, since the system allows students to be categorized according to their intellectual abilities, it reduces chances of learners loosing self-esteem (Perrucci and Wysong, 2008). Once students are grouped according to their abilities, they only compare their performance with that of their peers reducing chances of lowering individual self-esteem, which may result from comparison of individual performance with others (Perrucci and Wysong, 2008).Advertising Looking for essay on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More If low-performing students compare themselves against highly performing students, they may lose confidence and reduces chances of improving academically. In addition to this, this system of education allows gifted students to improve in terms of academic achievements (Education Week, 2004). According to a research, when talented learners were tracked they produced better results than similar-ability learners in non-tracked system of education did (Kulik and Kulik, 1992). In a tracked system, when talented students spend more time with their peers with similar abilities, they tend to improve their attitude and consequently improving performance. However, when they are mixed with less gifted students, the high-ability learners tend to achieve lower grades. The system tends to be good for talented students (Education Week, 2004). On the other hand, the system has a number of weaknesses. One of the weaknesses is that, the highly performing, successful, and experienced teachers are usually assigned to highly performing classes while inexperienced tutors are assigned low-performing classes (Perruc ci and Wysong, 2008). Therefore, the system favors unfair placement of tutors. Another major disadvantage of this tracking system in education is that it may lead to cases of stigmatization of low-performing pupils (Perrucci and Wysong, 2008).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Pros and Cons of Tracking in Our Education System specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Because of widespread stigmatization, such low-performing students tend to develop negative attitude worsening the situation. A research conducted revealed that such students tend to feel that they are â€Å"doomed† or it is their destiny to perform poorly. This is also because their teachers tend to impose this attitude upon them. Finally, the tracking system in education tends to group students according to social class, economical status, and ethnicity among other factors (Farley, 2009). It appears that high-performing class is only composed of stude nts from high-income families while low-track class appears to be composed of learners from low-income earners (Farley, 2009). Mostly, low-income earners are African Americans and hence the system is discriminating. This grouping of learning does not really reflect the academic performance (students’ abilities). In conclusion, the tracking system of education is one system that definitely supports issues of discrimination considering that it categorizes students based on race, social-status, and other minority aspects. In general, the system brings segregation among learners based on race and social-economics status, which is one form of discrimination. The opinion is that, low-performing students should be encouraged by raising performance standards for them and may be by using reward system to encourage them achieve academically.Advertising Looking for essay on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Reference List Education Week. (2004). Tracking. Retrieved from https://www.edweek.org/ew/issues/tracking/ Farley, J.E. (2009). Majority-Minority Relations. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Prentice hall. Kulik, J., Kulik C. C. (1992). Meta-analytic findings on grouping programs. Gifted  Children Quarterly 36 (2): 73–77. Perrucci, R. Wysong, E. (2008). New Class Society: Goodbye American Dream?  Maryland: Rowman Littlefield. This essay on Pros and Cons of Tracking in Our Education System was written and submitted by user Paulina Herman to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Free Essays on The Joy Luck Club

Amy Tan’s the Joy Luck Club is a prime example of real mother and daughter relationships that are strengthened over time. Through four Chinese pairs of mothers and daughters, Tan shows the true bond that gets stronger as the woman grow up together. The mother’s come from different backgrounds and have all experienced different childhoods than their daughters growing up in America. These cultural differences make it hard for Waverly Jong and Jing Mei Woo, two of the daughters growing up in America, to accept their mother’s advice. Throughout the text, Tan uncovers Chinese culture that Waverly and Jing Mei’s mothers are trying to instill in the girls. From their love of food, to their love for one another to succeed, Amy Tan exposes the realities between mother and daughter relationships and the importance of understanding each other and each other’s true culture. Both Waverly and Jing Mei Woo are especially close in character, growing up in America with Chinese mother’s guiding their way. Both mother’s wish for their daughters to be successful and happy, and eventually try and make them both into prodigies using their skills acquired during their childhood to fuel the desire to be happy. Through these failures in childhood, and achievements later in life, both mother and daughter accept one another for the women that they are and the culture they grew up in. Lindo Jong, Waverly’s mother, is seen through her story â€Å"The Red Candle†, which describes mother’s expectations for their daughter’s future. In China, where Lindo was raised, she was forced into marriage around age 12 to save her family and was told to â€Å"obey your family. Do not disgrace us†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (54) She was forced to follow what her mother in law said to do and she said she once â€Å"sacrificed my life to keep my parent’s promise.† (49) Lindo muted her feelings about the relationship to save fa... Free Essays on The Joy Luck Club Free Essays on The Joy Luck Club Amy Tan’s the Joy Luck Club is a prime example of real mother and daughter relationships that are strengthened over time. Through four Chinese pairs of mothers and daughters, Tan shows the true bond that gets stronger as the woman grow up together. The mother’s come from different backgrounds and have all experienced different childhoods than their daughters growing up in America. These cultural differences make it hard for Waverly Jong and Jing Mei Woo, two of the daughters growing up in America, to accept their mother’s advice. Throughout the text, Tan uncovers Chinese culture that Waverly and Jing Mei’s mothers are trying to instill in the girls. From their love of food, to their love for one another to succeed, Amy Tan exposes the realities between mother and daughter relationships and the importance of understanding each other and each other’s true culture. Both Waverly and Jing Mei Woo are especially close in character, growing up in America with Chinese mother’s guiding their way. Both mother’s wish for their daughters to be successful and happy, and eventually try and make them both into prodigies using their skills acquired during their childhood to fuel the desire to be happy. Through these failures in childhood, and achievements later in life, both mother and daughter accept one another for the women that they are and the culture they grew up in. Lindo Jong, Waverly’s mother, is seen through her story â€Å"The Red Candle†, which describes mother’s expectations for their daughter’s future. In China, where Lindo was raised, she was forced into marriage around age 12 to save her family and was told to â€Å"obey your family. Do not disgrace us†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (54) She was forced to follow what her mother in law said to do and she said she once â€Å"sacrificed my life to keep my parent’s promise.† (49) Lindo muted her feelings about the relationship to save fa...

Battle of Cannae in the Second Punic War

Battle of Cannae in the Second Punic War The Battle of Cannae took place during the Second Punic War (218-210 BC) between Rome and Carthage.  The battle occurred on August 2, 216 BC at Cannae in southeast Italy. Commanders and Armies Carthage Hannibal45,000-54,000 men Rome Gaius Terentius VarroLucius Aemilius Paullus54,000-87,000 men Background After the start of the Second Punic War, the Carthaginian general Hannibal boldly crossed the Alps and invaded Italy. Winning battles at Trebia (218 BC) and Lake Trasimene (217 BC), Hannibal defeated armies led by  Tiberius Sempronius Longus and  Gaius Flaminius Nepos. In the wake of these victories, he moved south plundering the countryside and working to make Romes allies defect to Carthages side. Reeling from these defeats, Rome appointed Fabius Maximus to deal with the Carthaginian threat.  Avoiding direct contact with Hannibals army, Fabius struck at the enemys supply lines and practiced the form of attritional warfare that later bore his name. Unhappy with this indirect approach, the Senate did not renew Fabius dictatorial powers when his term ended and command passed to the consuls  Gnaeus Servilius Geminus and Marcus Atilius Regulus.   In the spring of 216 BC, Hannibal seized the Roman supply depot at Cannae in southeast Italy. Situated on the Apulian Plain, this position allowed Hannibal to keep his men well fed. With Hannibal sitting astride Romes supply lines, the Roman Senate called for action. Raising an army of eight legions, the command was given to the Consuls Gaius Terentius Varro and Lucius Aemilius Paullus. The largest army ever assembled by Rome, this force advanced to face the Carthaginians. Marching south, the consuls found the enemy encamped on the left bank of the Aufidus River. As the situation developed, the Romans were hampered by an unwieldy command structure which required the two consuls to alternate command on a daily basis. Battle Preparations Approaching the Carthaginian camp on July 31, the Romans, with the aggressive Varro in command, defeated a small ambush set by Hannibals men. Though Varro was emboldened by the minor victory, command passed to the more conservative Paullus the next day. Unwilling to fight the Carthaginians on the open ground due to his armys smaller cavalry force, he elected to encamp two-thirds of the army east of the river while establishing a smaller camp on the opposite bank. The next day, aware that it would be Varros turn, Hannibal advanced his army and offered battle hoping the lure the reckless Roman forward.  Assessing the situation, Paullus successfully prevented his compatriot from engaging. Seeing that the Romans were unwilling to fight, Hannibal had his cavalry harass the Roman water-bearers and raid in the vicinity of Varro and Paullus camps.   Seeking battle on August 2, Varro and Paullus formed up their army for battle with their infantry densely packed in the center and the cavalry on the wings. The Consuls planned to use the infantry to quickly break the Carthaginian lines. Opposite, Hannibal placed his cavalry and most veteran infantry on the wings and his lighter infantry in the center. As the two sides advanced, Hannibals center moved forward, causing their line to bow in a crescent shape. On Hannibals left, his cavalry charged forward and routed the Roman horse. Rome Crushed To the right, Hannibals cavalry was engaged with that of Romes allies. Having destroyed their opposite number on the left, the Carthaginian cavalry rode behind the Roman army and assaulted the allied cavalry from the rear. Under attack from two directions, the allied cavalry fled the field. As the infantry began to engage, Hannibal had his center slowly retreat, while ordering the infantry on the wings to hold their position. The tightly packed Roman infantry continued to advance after the retreating Carthaginians, unaware of the trap that was about to be sprung. As the Romans were drawn in, Hannibal ordered the infantry on his wings to turn and attack the Roman flanks. This was coupled with a massive assault on the Roman rear by the Carthaginian cavalry, which completely surrounded the Consuls army. Trapped, the Romans became so compressed that many did not have space to raise their weapons. To speed the victory, Hannibal ordered his men to cut the hamstrings of each Roman and then move on to the next, commenting that the lamed could be slaughtered later at the Carthaginians leisure. The fighting continued until evening with approximately 600 Romans dying per minute. Casualties and Impact Various accounts of the Battle of Cannae show that 50,000-70,000 of the Romans, with 3,500-4,500 taken prisoner. It is known that approximately 14,000 were able to cut their way out and reach the town of Canusium. Hannibals army suffered around 6,000 killed and 10,000 wounded. Though encouraged by his officers to march on Rome, Hannibal resisted as he lacked the equipment and supplies for a major siege. While victorious at Cannae, Hannibal would ultimately be defeated at the Battle of Zama (202 BC), and Carthage would lose the Second Punic War.

Liquidity Risk Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Liquidity Risk - Essay Example On the other side, the market liquidity depends on the calculation of value risk and the length of holding period. So, the risk liability is attached with the issue of funding liquidity which may vary in the case of vast range of transaction (Fight, 421). The risk of liquidity tends to be managed, when market, credit and other risks are considered to be additional. There are several types of risk resolving techniques. These all are incorporated with the life of initial bank risk. The Federal Reserve System provided a banking risk framework designed by six factors. These include, reputational and liquidity risk, legal risks, market risks, credit risks. The structures of risk management are thus reviewed, making use of these risk categories. The supervision group is concerned with the liquidity risk fund, continue the preventive action against the other emerging risk and follow the current risk. All this preventive actions are fixed on revelation by majority of Federal Reserve banks. T his process tends to figure on a continuous basis, and as a result, measures to counter the existence of so many opportunities may result to risk (Morrison, 245). The financial risk is related with the possibilities of losing money of shareholder. On the other word, the investors did not have enough return on their investment in the company. This type of situation arises when the cash flow of the company proves inadequate to meet all the financial obligation of the company. At the time of insolvency, the creditors.

Assess the contribution of Buffalo Bill to the making of the mythic Essay

Assess the contribution of Buffalo Bill to the making of the mythic West - Essay Example The myths are now history, thus transforming the nature of a time and place through the use of celebrity and propaganda. Modern culture is now built on the myths that are created through textual histories that are exaggerated and changed to support the needs of the immediate culture in creating heroes, villains, and a story to fill the spaces within the history of mankind. Early Life William Frederick Cody was born on February 26 1846 to Mary Ann and Isaac Cody in the county of Scott in Iowa. Mary Ann and Isaac Cody had traveled to Iowa as pioneers, part of the group of people who were expanding the territories in North America towards the West. In his autobiography, Cody (1978, p. 17) writes that he was the fourth child of eight children in the Cody family. When he was born, he and his family lived on a farm that they had given a Native American name, Napsinekee Place, but when he was around the age of seven he was moved to the small town of LeClair, Iowa where he had an idyllic chi ldhood. Cody (1978, p. 28) describes his childhood as an adventure, one where he stole apples from the neighbors orchard with the vigilance of the guard dog always his nemesis. He swam in the Mississippi River and took boats out on the water, although the boats were also not always his to take. He reports the story of getting stuck out in the middle of the river, he and a childhood friend having lost the oars, only to be discovered from having stolen the boat from the dock. His descriptions of the events of the his early life describe him as a child who sought adventure and wanted to experience everything, all of the thrills that would come from challenging his boundaries and the elements of his natural world. After his family made a brief and failed attempt to move to California, they moved to Walnut Grove Farm where Cody learned to trap and hunt. He became good with horses, but one event stuck out in his childhood that brought him great sorrow and involved a horse accident. His ol der brother, Samuel, rode out with Cody into town and decided to take a mare that he had been warned not to ride. Samuel, with Cody in his company on another horse, took the mare to the school where he decided to show off, but the horse reared up and then fell upon him, giving Samuel fatal injuries that took his life the next day (Cody 1978, p. 20). Some elements of this event may have contributed to the nature within Cody that led him to his celebrity. Cody’s father was involved in politics, giving him a public persona (Cody 1978, p. 19). So Cody was not unfamiliar with the concept of being known. Samuel had been a popular young boy, his gregarious personality leading the community to give him a great deal of adoration. When he died, the community felt the pain of his passing, thus even in his grief, it is possible that William saw that the effects of celebrity was the appreciation and emotional connection of a large number of people. That Cody sought fame may be traced to t his event as he recorded it in his autobiography as being transformative in his life. The second event in Cody’s life where fame and death were connected came with the stabbing and eventual death of his father. Cody’s family was moved from the farm in Iowa to Kansas, a state that was heavily involved in a debate whether to allow slavery within its borders. His father, involved in polit

Juvenile Delinquent Gangs :: essays research papers

Juvenile Delinquent Gangs   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  As a kid I could remember walking to school every day. While on the way to school there was always a group of kids sanding outside of the school walking away. These kids dressed differently and they all whore the same type of clothes. It wasn’t until years later that I was told to stay away from them because they were gangsters. They were gangsters that caused problems to the community. These gangsters would go up to kids and try and jump them into their gang. For them the more members they had the more â€Å"territory they had.† One problem that major cities around the world have is gangs. Most of these gangs are made up of many juvenile delinquents looking for trouble. These gangs tend to hang out in certain places and claim it as their territory. Many of the gang members are drawn together by similar interests, and are brought up in similar neighborhoods. The Social Disorganization Perspective   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The social disorganization perspective follows the substance users to their living era and environment. Social disorganization perspective examines why individuals more from one environment to another and how they struggle to adjust to new environment, and how they are lured or forced into substance user, deviance, or criminal activity in the face of difficulty from the new environment or due to their individual maladjustments.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  On the other hand it studies how a particular environment causes stress, disillusion, and disorders among individuals who live in it, and why substance abuse, deviance, crime, and other social problems tend to increase in a time when or in a place where change occurs abruptly Social Class Most of the gang members that have been reported come from the lower social economical class. When these kids are out in the streets they have nothing better to do so they begin go commit delinquent behavior. Since these economically challenged kids have no money to go anywhere they tend to hang round their neighbor hood. These kinds of groups encourage each other to commit criminal activity. Since they feel that if one does it all of them can do it too. Drugs According to the social disorganization perspective gang members do drugs because they are forced into a substance. Drug offences are a common substance that is used and abused in gangs. Most people and kids that do drugs are because of peer pressure. Others reasons why gang members do drugs are because the environment that they are in forces the to do drugs to fit in.

Customer Types

Customer Types Tanya Myers HTT 200 March 22nd, 2013 Karen Stevens Customer Types According to the AH&LA website the typical lodging customer in 2011 stayed 40 % for business and 60 % for leisure. The typical lodging customer in a business room is a male, age 35 to 54 years old. The typical lodging customer is employed in a professional or managerial position with an average annual income of $119,388. They usually stay by themselves, make reservations ahead of time and pay $129. 00 per night for the room. 0% of the business travelers spend one night, 22% spend 2 nights and 38% spend 3 or more nights in a hotel. The typical lodging customer in a leisure room is usually 2 adults ages 35 to 54, with an average annual income of $89,736. They usually are auto travelers and also make their reservation ahead of time; they pay $109. 00 per night for the room. 47% of the leisure travelers spend 1 night, 27 % spend 2 nights and 26% spend 3 or more nights in a hotel (The American Hotel and Lodgi ng Association, 2013). 3 different lodging types would be Executive Conference Centers, Health Spa’s and Resorts.I feel that business travelers would stay the most in the Executive Conference Centers; this is because they offer both small meeting rooms and classrooms. Meals and recreation facility use are often included in the room rate this would be very convenient for a business traveler to have everything they need handy under one roof. The traveler looking for relaxation, stress management, or to pamper themselves would love to visit a health spa. The health spa often includes mineral baths, fitness facilities and massage therapists. The baby boomers are usually the one’s that love to go to this type of lodging.When I picture a resort I think of destination type lodging such as Mexico, Hawaii and the Caribbean. The type of traveler that would go to these would be one looking for tons of amenities, including lots of food with fine dining. Some cities are desirable f or year round resort visitation such as Orlando and Las Vegas. I think that any type of lodging depends on the person and what suits them, they have to make sure they amenities are good before they travel and that they prepare ahead of time. Sources The American Hotel and Lodging Association. (2013). Retrieved from ahla: http://www. ahla. com